There are 4 types of extraneous variables:
*Situational variables- which are aspects of the environment that might affect the participant’s behavior. For example; noise, temperature, lighting conditions. Situational variables should be controlled so they are the same for all participants.
*Participant/person variables- This refers to the ways in which each participant varies from the other, and how this could affect the results. For example; mood, intelligence, anxiety, nerves, concentration.
*Experimenter/ investigator effects- The experimenter unconsciously conveys to participants how they should behave – this is called experimenter bias.
*Demand characteristics- these are all the clues in an experiment which convey to the participant the purpose of the research. Experimenters should attempt to minimize these factors by keeping the environment as natural as possible, carefully following standardized procedures.
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